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Vitamin D Fortification of Fluid Milk Products and Their Contribution to Vitamin D Intake and Vitamin D Status in Observational Studies—A Review

By

Suvi T. Itkonen, Erkkola.M, Christel J. E. Lamberg-Allardt | Nutrients (MDPI)

This review demonstrates that vitamin D-fortified milk reduces deficiencies in 60% of populations, contributing significantly to better bone health and immune function.

This case study reviews the impact of vitamin D fortification in fluid milk products on dietary vitamin D intake and overall vitamin D status. The study reports that in countries where milk is fortified with vitamin D, deficiency rates have dropped by up to 40% in certain populations, particularly in regions with limited sunlight exposure. The fortification of milk has been shown to increase vitamin D intake by an average of 5-10 micrograms per day, contributing significantly to improved bone health, immune function, and overall well-being.


The study emphasizes the importance of consistent fortification policies and adherence to recommended fortification levels to maximize public health benefits. It also calls for further investigation into optimal fortification practices to enhance vitamin D bioavailability and ensure population-wide efficacy.


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